星期二, 五月 25, 2004

介給開放原始碼CMS(內容管理系統)與分享架站心得

時代變了,作個網站已經不是約五年前的土法鍊鋼,一頁一頁來設計。許多公司捨棄了以純設計為主軸的網站設計方式,改用了以資料庫、伺服器敘述語言(Server Script,例如PHP,ASP,JSP)為後台的網站,美工成了樣版(template)設計的一部份,而且加重了動態展示功能,例如Flash。個人網站也漸漸走向使用CMS的趨勢,方便作內容管理與上傳內容。廣義的CMS可以把forum, Blog, eCommerce等系統也包括進來。

開放原始碼且可以免費使用的CMS固然很多(開放原始碼不一定是免費),像PHPNUKE、XOOPS等,都是很知名的系統,選擇性很多,你可以參考http://www.opensourcecms.com/網站。當然要花大錢買的的CMS也不少(請向微軟等公司洽詢~"~)。Mambo是本人最近很看好的一套CMS,我參與了有關繁體中文的翻譯計劃。之前本人也花了很多的時間在PHPNUKE的架站上,對PHPNUKE是深入了解一翻。

www.opensourcecms.com的作者Calvin C. Sov把CMS分作了入口網站、網誌、電子商務(eCommerce)、群組軟體(Groupware)、論壇(Forums)、線上學習(e-Learing)或是以上各種分類的複合類型等這麼多的類型。這些都是視你要架設的網站類型來分,當然不同性質的網站最好採用專用的CMS會比較好。

我的採用CMS經驗如下,供作有興趣研究這一個領域的人參考:
1.別用沒什麼人在用的CMS:
純研究可以,用來架網站最好不要輕易嘗試,沒什麼用的程式,bug多且支援少,發生問題不知道要找誰來幫你?建議你可以採用
-入口網站:phpnuke,Xoops,mambo
-論壇:phpbb,Phorum
-電子商務:osCommerce, phpShop
-網誌:Movable Type
這些都是大牌子,就算功能不是最強最炫,也是保証用不死人,至少掛站有問題可以找到人醫。

2.亂裝元件(component),模組(module),樣版(template)會有不良後果:
基本的CMS程式架上去成功後,最迷人的就是有很多不同樣式的樣版、超炫功能的模組或元件可以讓你的網站看起很多樣化和多功能。本人之前架了一個網站(用phpnuke),光上面裝的模組大概就超過20個,從美妙的滑動選單到樂透開獎、星座解盤、Flash看版、聊天室、線上傳呼…應有儘有。後來的維護就是令人頭痛的問題。因為這些功能模組和一般的程式一樣,都有版本更新的問題,每個模組都可能內有不知名的錯誤、bug,如何妥善的管理這些元件、樣版、模組,是一大問題(小小廣告一下:mambo的管理介面真的作的很不錯…有用過的都說讚~)
建議還是別裝太多,選擇你要的功能或經營比較好的模組,除非你裝了以後有本事"乾淨地"移除,不然造成整個站不穩或掛站,重頭來一遍絕對很浪費時間。

3.語言是個大問題:
語言翻譯絕對有這個必要,但是翻的絕對沒有程式出得快。多翻翻找找前輩們在相關網站上分享的語言翻譯經驗,或遇過的問題解答,可以幫助你平順的架好站。當然多學一些架站的技巧或管理的技巧,以及多閱讀英文手冊,對你的幫助一定很大。

10 意見:

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